Guatemala Award13-049P

IFB #:
13-049P
Tender Date:
Award Date:
Award Flag:
---
PVO:
Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
Agent:
Lifelink
Invitation #:
116A
Program:
McGovern-Dole Food for Education Program

[FoodAid/FFP/images/ifb-header.html]

IFB# 13-049P Guatemala Award

December 19, 2016

LIFELINK LOGISTICS issues Award Notice for Catholic Relief Services (CRS)

IFB NO. 13-049P (Inv.116A)
WBSCM Freight Solicitation Number 2000004409
WBSCM Commodity Solicitation Number 2000004408
Dated December 19, 2016
Issued by LIFELINK LOGISTICS, Middleburg Hts, Ohio
On behalf of Catholic Relief Services
For carriage of Food for Education commodities as follows:


CARGO UNDER SALES ORDER NO. 5000352841:

AA: CRS-GT-01 SEE NOTE 1, 2 & 3
CARGO: 190 NMT CORN, YELLOW BAG-50 KG
**LOAD PROTOCOL FOR BAGGED BEANS AND
CORN TO APPLY, SEE SEE NOTE 3**
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17
LOADPORT: RHPP
CARRIER: MAERSK LINE INC
VESSEL/FLAG: FRISIA LOGA/P3
FREIGHT: OCEAN $145.00 DOM INL $14.00 + FUM $7.00
TOTAL $166.00/GMT


BB: CRS-GT-02 SEE NOTE 1 & 2
CARGO: 160 NMT OIL, VEGETABLE PAIL-20 L
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: NOT APPLICABLE
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17
sPLIT- 20 NMT OIL, VEGETABLE PAIL-20 L
LOADPORT: RHOU
CARRIER: SCHUYLER LINE NAVIGATION CO
VESSEL/FLAG: EOT SPAR/P1
FREIGHT: OCEAN $309.00 DOM INL $165.00 TOTAL $474.00/GMT
sPLIT- 140 NMT OIL, VEGETABLE PAIL-20 L
LOADPORT: RHOU
CARRIER: MAERSK LINE INC
VESSEL/FLAG: BUXLINK/P3
FREIGHT: OCEAN $135.00 DOM INL $14.00 TOTAL $149.00/GMT


CC: CRS-GT-03 SEE NOTE 1, 2 & 3
CARGO: 120 NMT BEANS, PINTO BAG-50 KG
**LOAD PROTOCOL FOR BAGGED BEANS AND
CORN TO APPLY, PLEASE SEE NOTE 3**
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17
LOADPORT: BJAC
CARRIER: SCHUYLER LINE NAVIGATION CO
VESSEL/FLAG: EOT SPAR/P1
FREIGHT: OCEAN $324.00 DOM INL $15.00 + FUM $10.00
TOTAL $349.00/GMT

DD: CRS-GT-04 SEE NOTE 1 & 2
CARGO: 80 NMT CORN-SOY BLEND BAG-HP-25 KG
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17
LOADPORT: BJAC
CARRIER: SCHUYLER LINE NAVIGATION CO
VESSEL/FLAG: EOT SPAR/P1
FREIGHT: OCEAN $309.00 DOM INL $15.00 + FUM $10.00
TOTAL $334.00/GMT

EE: CRS-GT-05 SEE NOTE 1 & 2
CARGO: 120 NMT RICE, 2/7 LG, W-MLD BAG-50 KG
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17
LOADPORT: BJAC
CARRIER: SCHUYLER LINE NAVIGATION CO
VESSEL/FLAG: EOT SPAR/P1
FREIGHT: OCEAN $309.00 DOM INL $15.00 + FUM $10.00
TOTAL $334.00/GMT


IFB# 13-049P Guatemala Tender

November 4, 2016

LIFELINK LOGISTICS issues freight tender for Catholic Relief Services (CRS)

IFB NO. 13-049P (Inv.116A)
WBSCM Freight Solicitation Number 2000004409
WBSCM Commodity Solicitation Number 2000004408
Dated November 3, 2016
Issued by LIFELINK LOGISTICS, Middleburg Hts, Ohio
On behalf of Catholic Relief Services
For carriage of Food for Education commodities as follows:

Only Firm and Non-contingent Offers will be accepted from all U.S. and foreign flag
carriers. Offers with subjects may be rejected.

SUBMISSION OF FREIGHT OFFERS:
To determine lowest landed cost, all carriers are required to submit offers
electronically for the cargoes advertised by this RFP via the U.S. Department
of Agriculture (USDA) Web Based Supply Chain Management (WBSCM) system for the
Solicitation Number(s) referenced above. All offers are subject to all requirements
of WBSCM and of the afore-mentioned Solicitation(s), including the deadline(s)
for submission of bids therein.

Freight offers are due no later than --- 10:00 pm Central Time (11:00 am Eastern
Time), 10 November 2016 ---.

The Web Based Supply Chain Management system can be accessed through the following
website:

http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?navid=WBSCM

Carriers must be assigned a USDA eAuthentication logon ID and password to access
the WBSCM system. Contact the WBSCM Help Desk for information regarding logon
IDs, passwords, and WBSCM system questions or concerns:

Telephone: (877) 927-2648
E-mail: wbscmhelp@ams.usda.gov


CARGO UNDER SALES ORDER NO. 5000352841:

AA: CRS-GT-01 SEE NOTE 1, 2 & 3
CARGO: 190 NMT CORN, YELLOW BAG-50 KG
**LOAD PROTOCOL FOR BAGGED BEANS AND
CORN TO APPLY, SEE SEE NOTE 3**
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17

BB: CRS-GT-02 SEE NOTE 1 & 2
CARGO: 160 NMT OIL, VEGETABLE PAIL-20 L
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: NOT APPLICABLE
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17

CC: CRS-GT-03 SEE NOTE 1, 2 & 3
CARGO: 120 NMT BEANS, PINTO BAG-50 KG
**LOAD PROTOCOL FOR BAGGED BEANS AND
CORN TO APPLY, PLEASE SEE NOTE 3**
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17

DD: CRS-GT-04 SEE NOTE 1 & 2
CARGO: 80 NMT CORN-SOY BLEND BAG-HP-25 KG
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17

EE: CRS-GT-05 SEE NOTE 1 & 2
CARGO: 120 NMT RICE, 2/7 LG, W-MLD BAG-50 KG
DISPORT: SANTO TOMAS
FUMIGATION: REQUIRED
DISCHARGE/DELIVERY: PER US FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE SECTION 2.A.ii
LDA: YES, NON-URGENT
LOADPORT AVAILABILITY: 02/05/17

Effective July 1, 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has
amended the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS) to require, as a condition
for loading a packed container onto a ship for export, that the container
has a verified gross weight (VGM). The SOLAS requirement, states the shipper is
responsible for the verification of the packed container’s weight; however,
in most instances Food Aid cargo is containerized at Carrier’s time, risk
and expense.

Therefore, the Carrier is required to provide the Verified Gross Mass (VGM) of
each container, whether required containerization or for Carrier’s convenience,
directly to the master or his representative and to the marine terminal operator
sufficiently in advance via the appropriate platform. All responsibility and
costs for VGM will for be the Carrier’s account and should be included in the
freight offer. In addition the carrier agrees to hold CRS harmless of any
liability for an VGM that is not accurately reported.

If accurate & timely VGM is not provided to above parties, any & all liability,
delays or costs will be for Carrier’s account. After the effective date, it
would be a violation of SOLAS to load a packed container onto a vessel if the
vessel operator and marine terminal operator do not have a verified container
weight.

The SOLAS amendments provide that there are two methods that may be used to
determine the container weight once the container packing process has taken
place.
1. weighing the packed container; or
2. weighing all packages and cargo items, including the mass of pallets, dunnage
and other securing material to be packed in the container and adding the tare mass
of the container to the sum of the single masses, using a certified method approved
by the competent authority of the State in which packing of the container was
completed.

For further information:
http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Cargoes/Containers/Pages/Verificat…-
gross-mass.aspx


In awarding cargo under this freight tender, USDA/FAS will consider factors
including lowest-landed cost and the impact of any potential award on FAS's
ability to satisfy the requirements of statutes and regulations including the
Cargo Preference Act. There have been significant changes to the Cargo Preference
legislation. Offerors are encouraged to review the FAS notice on the same, available
at: http://www.fas.usda.gov/excredits/ifb/default.htm.

FOR ALL CRS CARGOES. CARRIER'S ARE ENCOURAGED TO OFFER ON
ANY/ALL "FAS POINTS" AND "BRIDGE POINTS" AS LISTED ON THE USDA
DOCUMENTS "APPROVED PORTS/TERMINALS" AND FORM KC-362.
LOADING USDA APPROVED PORTS/PLANTS/BRIDGES AS PER KC-362
AVAILABILITY AS PROVIDED ABOVE BASIS FAS LOAD PORT.(PLEASE
REFER TO ACTUAL COMMODITY IFB FOR POTENTIAL SHIPPING PERIODS
BASIS PLANT BRIDGE DESTINATIONS).

FOR DELIVERY BASIS INTERMODAL PLANT AND BRIDGE, OFFERORS
ARE ENCOURAGED TO COORDINATE WITH VENDOR TO ENSURE
SMOOTH LOADING OPERATION.

***U.S. FOOD AID BOOKING NOTE FOR PACKAGED COMMODITIES -
PART II, DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2004 TO APPLY IN FULL. A COPY OF
THESE GUIDELINES CAN BE FOUND ON THE USAID WEBSITE, at
https://forums.info.usaid.gov/index.php?q=usaid-procurement-announcemen…

Approved Exceptions to Standard US Food AID Booking Note Terms, Procedures and
Formats and other special terms and conditions (These items will apply to above
cargo, unless specified otherwise):

Full Liner Berth Terms, All Inclusive. No Demurrage - No Dispatch - No Detention

Rates offered must include a breakdown of the Ocean Charge component. Rates offered
to be quoted in US Dollars per metric ton to be all-inclusive rates which include
costs for services other than port to port ocean transportation. Must include a
breakdown of the ocean charge component and each of the following other charges,
as applicable: domestic inland transportation, foreign inland transportation,
fumigation or destination bagging, and special requirements for container load
protocol (if applicable). No minimum bill of lading quantities or charges or
minimum container quantities or charges to apply. Carrier's who do not submit all-
inclusive rates as outlined above will be considered non-responsive.

- SINGLE BOTTOM SERVICE OFFER MUST INCLUDE VESSEL ITINERARY
IN THE REMARKS SECTION.
- REGULAR LINER SERVICE OFFER MUST INCLUDE FREQUENCY/ROUTING/
TRANSIT TIME IN THE REMARKS SECTION.

For all parcels, please refer to Clause 14 of Booking Guidelines for Notice
requirements.

***For all offers, Carrier must acknowledge in the remarks section of WBSCM all
country specific requirements when submitting offer; otherwise offer will be
considered NON-RESPONSIVE:
*CONTAINERIZATION REQUIRED WITH 45 DAYS FREETIME & CARRIER'S
AGREEMENT TO FREETIME AS STATED IN TENDER (NOTE 2)

***Carrier must confirm in the remarks section of WBSCM they will include the below
statement(s) on Bill(s) of Lading; otherwise offer will be considered NON-RESPONSIVE:
*"Freight Prepaid" or "Freight Payable per Booking Note".

LOAD TERMS: Cargo to be delivered to Carrier FAS Vessel or bridge point at the
specified load port, and loaded at Carrier's time, risk and expense with no
demurrage/no despatch/ no detention.

DISCHARGE TERMS: Cargo to be discharged at Carrier's time, risk and expense, and
delivered in containers to the the Receiver/Consignee at place of rest at the
Carrier's or port's container yard (CY), with no demurrage/ no despatch/
no detention - per U.S. Food Aid Booking Note Sec. 2.(A)(ii)

Should cargo be containerized for carrier convenience, any/all additional cost at
destination due to containerization including devanning or stripping into warehouse
and THC is for carrier account.

If containerization is required, container demurrage/detention shall be in
accordance with the carrier container demurrage/detention rates, but shall
not exceed $10 per container per day or as per carrier tariff rate, whichever
is lowest cost per day/per container.

CENTRAL AMERICA/CARIBBEAN BARGE CLAUSE:
If a barge is offered for service, it must be of such a type to adequately protect
the cargo, either by design, such as a house or multi-deck barge, or by use of
permanent bin walls, provided the commodity is containerized.

For ALL CRS CARGOES. Owners and/or their agents must return signed Bills of Lading
and related documents to LifeLink Logistics within 48 hours (2 business days) after
receipt of masters at Owners and/or their agents expense. Rates offered to be
all-inclusive and displayed on a per metric ton basis on all rated Bills of Lading
as per Booking Guideline Section 18. Bills of Lading must state
"Freight Prepaid" or "Freight payable per Booking Note".

For All CRS Cargoes. Owners and/or their agents must return signed Booking Note to
LifeLink Logistics within 10 business days of receipt.

GUATEMALA Cargo. Containerization is required for all commodities with
45 days freetime which includes time on equipment and any terminal storage.
Fumigation is required in the US. However, if vessel or cargo arrives infested
at discharge port & re-fumigation is required by Government agency, all related
expenses must be covered by the ocean carrier, including transfer charges.
The inspection or re-fumigation process, including equipment positioning and
aeration, is for Carrier’s account and not to count against freetime allowed.
Time used by CRS/receivers for off-port drayage and return of equipment, if any,
to be covered by the prescribed Free Time.

Contracted freight rate must include any operational costs/expenses/fees charged
by the ocean carrier, the carrier’s local representative or terminal operators in
Guatemala, including but not limited to documentation handling, representation
fees, local taxes for temporary import of containers (ATC), cleaning and
reception of containers, gate charges, lift charges, transfer charges, container
deposits, container usage or rental fees, however so described or assessed, shore
handling or terminal handling charges.

Prefer all Guatemala cargo to be shipped on one vessel (no split parcels).
Containers can not contain split commodities or more than one PVOs cargo.

Due to short transit from US to Guatemala, CRS may request Original Bills of
Lading be issued in Country by Vessel's agent. If this is the case, any delays
by agent in issuing Bills of Lading will not count against CRS' freetime.

Guatemala Veg Oil Cargo – As a safety requirement to avoid injuries at discharge
port, blocking and bracing is required to prevent cans from spilling out of the
containers.

Vessel Loading observation requirements and procedures, as per The U.S. Department
of Agriculture Kansas City Commodity Office’s notice to the trade of May 5, 2000,
is hereby incorporated. A copy of which can be furnished upon request.

Bill of Lading integrity is to be maintained at all times while in the carrier's
custody and control, assuring that individual ocean bill of lading quantities
are not commingled.

All vessel substitution requests must be reviewed by USDA. The proposed substitute
vessel should be of the same type as the originally awarded vessel. This applies to
both U.S. and foreign flag vessel substitutions. The proposed substitute vessel must
also appear on the applicable Maritime Administration U.S. or foreign flag vessel
list which can be accessed using the following URL:

http://www.marad.dot.gov/ships_shipping_landing_page/cargo_preference/c…
humanitarian_assistance/cargo_human_assistance_reports/Humanitarian_Food_Aid_Reports.htm

Vessel substitutions must be approved by the Shipper and USDA, as applicable, and
cargo shall not be loaded into unapproved substitute vessels.

In keeping with U.S. Customs enforced compliance program for outbound documentation,
carriers are hereby notified that any assessments against the cargo due in whole or
in part to delay by carrier in verifying final load count, and providing same to
LifeLink Logistics, will be solely for carrier’s account.

CRS RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REQUIRE VESSEL OWNER/OPERATOR TO POST A
PERFORMANCE BOND. SAID BOND TO BE IN THE FORM OF A CERTIFIED CHECK
ONLY, DRAWN ON A U.S. BANK, EQUIVALENT TO 5 PERCENT OF THE GROSS OCEAN
FREIGHT. THE CHECK MUST BE MADE OUT IN FAVOR OF CRS. AS NEGOTIATED, THE
PERFORMANCE BOND WILL BE GOOD THROUGH FINAL U.S. LOAD PORT; OR GOOD
THROUGH FINAL DISCHARGE PORT; OR INLAND DESTINATION. SAID BOND IS DUE
WITHIN FIVE (5) WORKING DAYS OF CONFIRMATION OF BOOKING, FAILURE TO DO
SO WILL VOID THE CONTRACT. AS APPLICABLE, SAID BOND WILL BE RETURNED
UPON RECEIPT OF WRITTEN NOTICE THAT ALL AVAILABLE CARGOES HAVE BEEN
LOADED AT U.S. PORT; OR THAT ALL CARGOES HAVE BEEN DELIVERED TO FINAL
DISPORT OR INLAND DESTINATION POINT.

Loading Delay Assessment (LDA) applicable when specified in above cargo details.

Note 1: The Shipper will impose a Loading Delay Assessment (LDA) for each and every
day beyond the contracted load date that the Carrier has failed to load the cargo
aboard a vessel. The contracted load date is defined as the date that the vessel
is estimated to arrive at the loading port, as specified in the US Aid Food Aid
Booking Note Part I, plus a ten (10) day grace period. LDA shall be US $1.00 per
metric ton per day or pro-rata, to be deducted from ocean freight payment.

Application of LDA’s will be specific to CRS cargo.

Note 2: Freetime is required for Guatemala. Freetime will not commence until the
consignment is completely offloaded from the vessel and available to the receivers.
CRS's understanding of the "free time" requirement is that the carrier will be
responsible for any/all costs for storing the commodity during the required "free
time" period. Such expenses for carrier's account to include but not limited to:
detention, demurrage, wharfage, storage charges, port/CY charges, port/CFS charges,
ground rent, terminal charges, transfer charges, lift charges, container deposit,
shorehandling, gate charges, registration fee, container cleaning fee, devanning &
stripping charges. It is also understood by CRS that carrier's provide an "all
inclusive rate which includes "all" charges within the contracted "free time."
Offerors/agents are required to certify in writing their agreement with the above
CRS understanding of "free time.

Note 3: Container loading protocol for bagged beans and bagged whole
corn to apply (dated 4/15/09).

Carrier must provide the rate per gross metric ton for CAPIT protocol in the
"other"bid price in WBSCM. At time of awarding cargo, Carrier's must provide
the name and contact number of the carriers appointed loading contractor.

At time of loading carrier must confirm the amount of desiccant used for each
container. This information must be provided in writing.

For more information on container load protocol, please visit:
https://forums.info.usaid.gov/index.php?q=topic/notice-trade-%E2%80%93-…-
loading-protocol-high-moisture-commodities

FREIGHT PAYMENT SHALL BE PROCESSED THRU THE WBSCM SYSTEM AND
PAID BY USDA. 100% OF FREIGHT PAYABLE UPON ARRIVAL AT THE
DISCHARGE PORT.


***USAID NOTICE TO THE TRADE***

For offers submitted through the electronic Web-Based Supply Chain Management
(WBSCM) system, one of the statements below must appear in the Free Form Remarks
Section for each offer submitted.

1. This freight proposal, whether successful or unsuccessful, contains trade secrets
or commercial financial information which are privileged and confidential and exempt
from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. Section 552.
Furthermore, this information is prohibited from disclosure under the Trade
Secrets Act, 18 U.S.C. Section 1905.

-- OR --

2. This freight proposal, whether successful or unsuccessful, may, in the future,
be made public or released under a FOIA request."

EXPANSION OF TERMINAL DESIGNATIONS WITHIN THE PORT OF HOUSTON, TEXAS

Effective with Title II Invitation 028 issued on February 20, 2008, the Notice to
the Trade EOD-150 (Pilot Program for Load Port Surveys and Processed Commodity
Bidding Basis Houston, Texas) is cancelled. USAID Notice to the Trade dated
April 5, 2006 “F.A.S. Allocated Commodities at Houston and Jacinto” is also
rescinded. This means that beginning with INV 028, Houston will no longer be
available as an approved delivery point. Offerors must select terminals within
the Port of Houston as listed in Notice to the Trade: Expansion of Terminal
Designations Within The Port Of Houston, Texas. The notice is posted on the
USAID Ocean Notices website at https://forums.info.usaid.gov/index.php?q=usaid-
procurement-announcements/notices-trade. A complete list of delivery/bid point
codes, including the new Houston delivery/bid point codes, is available at:
http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=coop&topic=pas-ex-…

Commodity, load port and intermodal point abbreviations as per USDA form KC-362.
Delivery terms per USDA Notice to the Trade of April 5, 1995.

1) All offers MUST include ETA loadport, ETS loadport, and ETA destination, along
with routing information. Other requirements or pertinent information:
A. Vessel’s itinerary and current position.
B. Full particulars on vessel owner’s company including officers, address and bank
references.
C. Voyage number for vessel being offered.

2) Commodity supplier delivery terms, origin points and specific shipping dates will
not be known until commodities are purchased. All cargo's availability date at
loadport will be 02/05/2017. Depending on the commodity suppliers elected shipping
dates, cargo can start shipping out as early as 12/16/2016. Carriers will be
required to receive cargo in accordance with USDA suppliers contractual shipping
dates and delivery terms. The potential shipping periods for bids at the plant
or bridge point locations can be foundin the commodity solicitation.

3) Total commissions 2.5%. If offered direct, 2.5% to LifeLink Logistics. If offered
through a broker, 2/3 of 2.5% to LifeLink Logistics, and 1/3 of 2.5% to owners’ broker.

4) Evaluation and contract award: offers which do not comply with mandatory
requirements of this IFB, including but not limited to the minimums and maximums
specified above, will not be considered. Offers must include full particulars
demonstrating the willingness and ability to meet these requirements. Catholic
Relief Services reserves the right to award without discussions with USAID
approval. Award will be to the lowest responsible offeror meeting the mandatory
requirements of this IFB.

5) Contract Terms: Except to the extent provided above, this IFB is subject to the
standard US Food Aid Booking Note (INCLUDING ANY AND ALL AMENDMENTS AND
ATTACHMENTS), which are fully incorporated herein. Copies of these guidelines
may be obtained from USAID website, at https://forums.info.usaid.gov/index.
php?q=usaid-procurement-announcements/notices-trade

Contact

New Tenders and Awards

2-TL@fas.usda.gov

Apply

All opportunities must be applied
for through WEBSCM.